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基于Vivaldi的超宽带低剖面天线设计
电子技术应用
郭德嘉1,2,孙慧峰1,2
1.中国科学院 空天信息创新研究院;2.中国科学院大学 电子电气与通信工程学院
摘要: 针对超宽带小型化雷达系统的需求背景,设计了一款通过交趾耦合形成天线间紧耦合结构的超宽带低剖面阵列天线。该阵列天线单元首先在传统Vivaldi天线结构上增设了一对带圆形腔体的弧形槽,从而使传统Vivaldi天线顶端呈现类似偶极子辐射结构的形态;然后通过采用交趾耦合结构起到天线间紧耦合作用,明显降低了天线的整体剖面高度;接下来在天线单元上层引入介质匹配层,进一步改善了匹配效果。仿真结果表明:设计的阵列天线在2.5~15 GHz工作频段内,其驻波比均小于2,12×12天线阵列最大增益大于20 dB,阵列天线单元剖面高度仅为15 mm(0.125倍低频波长)。因此,设计的天线在保证超宽带性能下还大大降低了天线的剖面高度,具有较高的工程应用价值。
中图分类号:TN82 文献标志码:A DOI:
中文引用格式: 郭德嘉,孙慧峰. 基于Vivaldi的超宽带低剖面天线设计[J]. 电子技术应用,2024,50(6):52-56.
英文引用格式: Guo Dejia,Sun Huifeng. Design of ultra-wideband low-profile antenna based on Vivaldi[J]. Application of Electronic Technique,2024,50(6):52-56.
Design of ultra-wideband low-profile antenna based on Vivaldi
Guo Dejia1,2,Sun Huifeng1,2
1.Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences;2.School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Abstract: In response to the demand for miniaturized ultra-wideband radar systems, a novel ultra-wideband low-profile antenna array is designed with close coupling between antenna elements achieved through a cross-coupling structure. The proposed array antenna unit enhances the traditional Vivaldi antenna structure by introducing a pair of arc-shaped slots with circular cavities, giving it a dipole-like radiation pattern at the top of the Vivaldi antenna. The cross-coupling structure is employed to achieve tight coupling between the antenna elements, significantly reducing the overall profile height of the antenna. Additionally, a dielectric matching layer is introduced on top of the antenna unit to further improve the matching performance. Simulation results demonstrate that the designed array antenna exhibits a standing wave ratio of less than 2 across the 2.6 GHz to 15 GHz frequency range. The maximum gain of the 12×12 antenna array exceeds 20 dB, while the profile height of the array antenna unit is merely 15 mm (0.125 times the low-frequency wavelength). Hence, this antenna design not only meets the requirements of ultra-wideband performance but also greatly reduces the profile height of the antenna, offering significant engineering applications.
Key words : ultra-wideband;low profile;tightly coupled;Vivaldi antenna

引言

随着当前军事技术的飞速发展以及无线通信应用领域的不断拓展,阵列天线广泛地应用于飞机、导弹、卫星等相应特定载体的雷达系统中[1]。这些雷达系统不满足于单一的探测或通信功能,希望能够尽可能多地实现侦察、干扰、探测、通信等功能的组合[2-5],这对雷达天线带宽提出了很高的要求。功能增多,雷达系统复杂度也随之增加,由于受到立体空间的限制,如何实现雷达前端天线小型化成为了雷达设计需要解决的另一个关键性问题。传统Vivaldi天线频带宽,但是剖面较高[6-9],不利于雷达系统小型化,满足不了实际工程应用需求。

为了应对上述提出的带宽需要达到超宽带低剖面、易共形的天线设计要求,设计了一款基于传统Vivaldi天线紧耦合形式的超宽带低剖面天线,其带宽能达到约6个倍频程,剖面高度为15 mm(0.125,为低频波长),其结构简单,可以采用印刷线路板加工方式,加工难度低[10],实际应用前景广泛。


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作者信息:

郭德嘉1,2,孙慧峰1,2

(1.中国科学院 空天信息创新研究院,北京 100094;2.中国科学院大学 电子电气与通信工程学院,北京 100049)


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