智能天线利用数字信号处理技术在基带动态产生空间定向波束，将天线方向图主瓣对准有用信号到达方向，低增益副瓣对准干扰信号到达方向，借助有用信号和干扰信号在入射方向上的差异，选择恰当的合并权值，从而达到充分利用移动用户信号并抑制干扰信号的目的。智能天线相当于空时滤波器，在多个指向不同用户的并行天线波束控制下，使信号在有限的方向区域发送和接收，从而提高频谱利用效率，增大系统容量。

一、智能天线应用的关键技术

　　智能天线在移动通信中的应用分为移动台和基站，本部分仅讨论智能天线应用于基站的实现技术，其中智能化发射技术、接收技术和动态信道分配是３项关键的技术。

　　１．智能化接收技术

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title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" 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        另一方面，为了给智能发射提供依据，在上行中还需要估计反映用户空间位置信息的参量，如ＤＯＡ、空域特征（ＳＳ，ＳｐａｔｉａｌＳｉｇｎａｔｕｒｅ）等，它们的精度估计将直接影响到下行选择性发送的性能。目前，完成智能化接收的方法主要有基于高分辨率阵列信号处理方法和基于信号时域结构方法两类。前一类方法又分子空间方法和基于参数估计准则的方法两大类。后一类方法主要利用信号的时域信息和先验特征进行空域处理。

　　２．智能化发射技术

　　在蜂窝系统中，为满足多媒体业务通信质量的要求，发射信号功率一定要动态控制，在保证整个蜂窝系统各小区的信号总功率平衡的情况下（各小区干扰基本稳定），满足各种业务的不同传输速率和不同的误码率要求。

        智能化发射技术利用用户的空间差异，保证每个用户只接收基站发给它的下行信号，不受同一信道中基站发给其他用户信号的干扰。实现智能化发射有基于反馈和基于上行链路参数估计两种方法。前一种方法是基站通过移动台返回基站的训练信号，估计下行信道的响应情况，其缺点是浪费带宽。基于上行链路参量估计的方法是利用一些特征参量相对于上下行链路的不变性，通过各用户对上行信号的估计，确定下行链路的波束形成方案。ＴＤ－ＳＣＤＭＡ采用后一种方法。

         在时分双工（ＴＤＤ）系统中，上、下行链路使用同一载波频率，在信道特征变化相对较慢的情况下，可以近似认为上、下行链路的信道特征相同，可使用对上行信道的估计设置下行链路参数。在频分双工（ＦＤＤ）系统中，由于上、下行链路载频不同，上、下行链路的信道特性差异很大，要分别估计上、下行链路特征，所以在ＦＤＤ系统中使用智能天线比在ＴＤＤ系统中使用要复杂得多，这也是ＴＤＤ系统较ＦＤＤ系统的优势所在。

　　３．动态信道分配

　　在通信中，信道分配是保障通信质量、有效利用信道的关键技术之一。在空分信道引入系统后，空、频、时和码分信道的动态分配技术已成为新的技术难点。后三种信道分配技术是确定性的，可由系统根据用户情况动态分配，但空分信道分配不同。在基站处，接收功率相差不大和用户方向角度差大于天线主波瓣的用户，可分享同一时、频域信道。这样，空分信道分配就成为动态的条件组合问题，且随着用户空间位置的移动，为跟踪用户，空分信道必须相应变化，随时进行动态分配。空分信道分配必须与时、频信道分配和切换相结合，这就需要形成一种高效算法，以适应用户的移动性。对于ＣＤＭＡ系统，由于其容量是软容量，信道分配相对简单。智能天线本身具有功率控制功能，其性能要优于现有的功率控制技术。同时基站间的越区切换也将更为灵活。

二、下一代移动通信中的时空多用户检测技术

　　在下一代移动通信系统中，多用户检测（ＭＵＤ）是一项关键技术。ＭＵＤ利用多址干扰的信号结构特征，对所有的激活用户进行联合估计，可以明确估计出期望用户的多址干扰，从而抑制多用户干扰，从本质上解决远近问题（ＮｅａｒＦａｒＰｒｏｂｌｅｍ）。然而多址干扰和无线信道具有明显的空间结构特征，如果采用智能天线技术，将为干扰抑制提供新的维度。智能天线引入移动通信系统基站后，可以实现对移动用户的定向发射和定向接收，能从空域上消除大量的多用户干扰，并能减轻多径效应。因此，利用时空多用户检测技术进行干扰抑制，将进一步提高系统性能。

        时域信息和空域信息的结合有级联和联合两种方式。在时空级联处理方法中，空间滤波器用来去除未被多用户检测器去除的多址干扰，能在一定程度上改善接收效果，但不能应用于过载情况。时空联合处理方法将空域特征和时域特征等同看待，与传统的时域多用户检测器相比增加了等效处理增益，提高了用户特征之间的正交性，从而改善了接收机性能，且可以应用于过载系统中。因此，基于时空联合处理方法性能优于级联处理方法，但是其运算量大。

        在我国提出的第三代移动通信标准——ＴＤ－ＳＣＤＭＡ中实现了智能天线和联合检测（ＪＤ：ＪｏｉｎｔＤｅｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ）技术的有机结合。由于上行链路和下行链路具有相似的信道特性，所以ＴＤ－ＳＣＤＭＡ系统能够把上行链路联合检测过程中获得的冲击响应估计值应用于下行链路，用类似于最大功率合成的方法实现下行智能天线自适应波束赋形算法，这是ＴＤ－ＳＣＤＭＡ系统智能天线算法的独特之处。

        联合检测算法可以分为３类：非线性算法、判决反馈算法、线性算法。非线性算法主要有最大似然序列估计（ＭＬＳＥ），该算法极度复杂，在要求实时性的移动通信系统中难以应用。判决反馈算法是在线性算法基础上经过一定的扩展得到，有迫零判决反馈均衡器算法（ＺＦ－ＢＤＦＥ）和最小均方误差判决反馈均衡器算法（ＭＭＳＥ－ＢＤＦＥ），它们的计算复杂度较大。实际应用中，常采用线性算法。其原理是先用线性块均衡器Ｍ对接收信号进行检测，得到Ｋ个用户发送符号的连续值估计，然后用Ｋ个量化器对这些连续值估计进行量化，就可得到对用户发送符号的离散值估计。

        基于时空二维处理的智能天线和多用户检测相结合，是一种优势互补的组合。在看到时空二维多用户检测器的巨大容量潜力的同时，也应该看到其优良的性能是以巨大的运算量为代价的。运算量大是时空二维多用户检测器实用化的主要障碍。研究快速算法将是今后时空二维多用户检测器研究工作的一个重点。

三、结束语

         在移动通信技术的发展中，智能天线已经成为一个最活跃的领域。智能天线技术可以充分利用无线资源的空间可分性，提高无线通信系统对无线资源的利用率，并从根本上提高系统容量。虽然实现智能天线还有许多问题有待研究解决，但可以预见智能天线将在未来的移动通信领域中大放异彩。