《电子技术应用》
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云计算(Cloud Computing)概念简介
来源:搜狐IT
摘要: 云计算的概念是由Google提出的,这是一个美丽的网络应用模式。……
关键词: 无线网络 云计算
Abstract:
Key words :

        计算" title="云计算" target="_blank">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" 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title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算" title="云计算">云计算的概念是由Google提出的,这是一个美丽的网络应用模式。狭义云计算是指IT基础设施的交付和使用模式,指通过网络以按需、易扩展的方式获得所需的资源;广义云计算是指服务的交付和使用模式,指通过网络以按需、易扩展的方式获得所需的服务。这种服务可以是IT和软件、互联网相关的,也可以是任意其他的服务,它具有超大规模、虚拟化、可靠安全等独特功效;“云计算”图书版本也很多,都从理论和实践上介绍了云计算的特性与功用。
    1、狭义云计算
    提供资源的网络被称为“云”。“云”中的资源在使用者看来是可以无限扩展的,并且可以随时获取,按需使用,随时扩展,按使用付费。这种特性经常被称为像水电一样使用IT基础设施。
    2、广义云计算
    这种服务可以是IT和软件、互联网相关的,也可以是任意其他的服务。
    解释:
    这种资源池称为“”。“云”是一些可以自我维护和管理的虚拟计算资源,通常为一些大型服务器集群,包括计算服务器、存储服务器、宽带资源等等。云计算将所有的计算资源集中起来,并由软件实现自动管理,无需人为参与。这使得应用提供者无需为繁琐的细节而烦恼,能够更加专注于自己的业务,有利于创新和降低成本。
    有人打了个比方:这就好比是从古老的单台发电机模式转向了电厂集中供电的模式。它意味着计算能力也可以作为一种商品进行流通,就像煤气、水电一样,取用方便,费用低廉。最大的不同在于,它是通过互联网进行传输的。
    云计算是并行计算(Parallel Computing)、分布式计算(Distributed Computing)和网格计算(Grid
  Computing)的发展,或者说是这些计算机科学概念的商业实现。云计算是虚拟化(Virtualization)、效用计算(Utility Computing)、IaaS(基础设施即服务)、PaaS(平台即服务)、SaaS(软件即服务)等概念混合演进并跃升的结果。
    总的来说,云计算可以算作是网格计算的一个商业演化版。早在2002年,我国刘鹏就针对传统网格计算思路存在不实用问题,提出计算池的概念:“把分散在各地的高性能计算机用高速网络连接起来,用专门设计的中间件软件有机地粘合在一起,以Web界面接受各地科学工作者提出的计算请求,并将之分配到合适的结点上运行。计算池能大大提高资源的服务质量和利用率,同时避免跨结点划分应用程序所带来的低效性和复杂性,能够在目前条件下达到实用化要求。”如果将文中的“高性能计算机”换成“服务器集群”,将“科学工作者”换成“商业用户”,就与当前的云计算非常接近了。
    云计算具有以下特点:
    (1) 超大规模。“云计算管理系统[5]”具有相当的规模,Google云计算已经拥有100多万台服务器,
  Amazon、IBM、微软、Yahoo等的“云”均拥有几十万台服务器。企业私有云一般拥有数百上千台服务器。“云”能赋予用户前所未有的计算能力。
    (2) 虚拟化。云计算支持用户在任意位置、使用各种终端获取应用服务。所请求的资源来自“云”,而不是固定的有形的实体。应用在“云”中某处运行,但实际上用户无需了解、也不用担心应用运行的具体位置。只需要一台笔记本或者一个手机,就可以通过网络服务来实现我们需要的一切,甚至包括超级计算这样的任务。
    (3) 高可靠性。“云”使用了数据多副本容错、计算节点同构可互换等措施来保障服务的高可靠性,使用云计算比使用本地计算机可靠。
    (4) 通用性。云计算不针对特定的应用,在“”的支撑下可以构造出千变万化的应用,同一个“云”可以同时支撑不同的应用运行。
    (5) 高可扩展性。“云”的规模可以动态伸缩,满足应用和用户规模增长的需要。
    (6) 按需服务。“云”是一个庞大的资源池,你按需购买;云可以象自来水,电,煤气那样计费。
    (7) 极其廉价。由于“云”的特殊容错措施可以采用极其廉价的节点来构成云,“云”的自动化集中式管理使大量企业无需负担日益高昂的数据中心管理成本,“云”的通用性使资源的利用率较之传统系统大幅提升,因此用户可以充分享受“云”的低成本优势,经常只要花费几百美元、几天时间就能完成以前需要数万美元、数月时间才能完成的任务。
    云计算可以彻底改变人们未来的生活,但同时也要重视环境问题,这样才能真正为人类进步做贡献,而不是简单的技术提升。
    (8) 潜在的危险性:云计算服务除了提供计算服务外,还必然提供了存储服务。但是云计算服务当前垄断在私人机构(企业)手中,而他们仅仅能够提供商业信用。对于政府机构、商业机构(特别象银行这样持有敏感数据的商业机构)对于选择云计算服务应保持足够的警惕。一旦商业用户大规模使用私人机构提供的云计算服务,无论其技术优势有多强,都不可避免地让这些私人机构以“数据(信息)”的重要性挟制整个社会。对于信息社会而言,“信息”是至关重要的。另一方面,云计算中的数据对于数据所有者以外的其他用户云计算用户是保密的,但是对于提供云计算的商业机构而言确实毫无秘密可言。这就象常人不能监听别人的电话,但是在电讯公司内部,他们可以随时监听任何电话。所有这些潜在的危险,是商业机构和政府机构选择云计算服务、特别是国外机构提供的云计算服务时,不得不考虑的一个重要的前提。

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