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一种基于AOP模块相控阵的星载三模宽带圆极化天线
电子技术应用
康湛毓,贺连星,费冬亮,魏晓黎,梁广
上海微小卫星工程中心
摘要: 设计了一种应用于Ka频段星载相控阵的低成本、宽覆盖、高可靠性的圆极化天线阵元,该阵元通过BGA植球直接与射频前端实现互连,具有差损小、重量轻、成本低的特点,同时基于特征模分析,通过单层微带的超表面设计激励起三模圆极化辐射有效地拓展了带宽,克服常规单层微带天线带宽窄的缺点,降低太空高低温环境下天线分层失效的风险,解决现有星载毫米波相控阵阵元低剖面、宽带工作问题。以4个该阵元为一组2×2顺序旋组阵,进一步拓展了阵列天线的工作带宽和轴比带宽,实测了扫描±50°在28~31 GHz轴比小于3 dB,增益曲线随频率保持不变,非常适合在星载Ka频段通信系统应用。
中图分类号:TN82 文献标志码:A DOI: 10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.234493
中文引用格式: 康湛毓,贺连星,费冬亮,等. 一种基于AOP模块相控阵的星载三模宽带圆极化天线[J]. 电子技术应用,2024,50(7):114-117.
英文引用格式: Kang Zhanyu,He Lianxing,Fei Dongliang,et al. Design of a triple-mode wideband circularly polarized antenna based on AOP technology for satellite communication system[J]. Application of Electronic Technique,2024,50(7):114-117.
Design of a triple-mode wideband circularly polarized antenna based on AOP technology for satellite communication system
Kang Zhanyu,He Lianxing,Fei Dongliang,Wei Xiaoli,Liang Guang
Shanghai Engineering Center for Microsatellites
Abstract: In this paper, a low-cost, wide-coverage and high-reliability circularly polarized antenna based on AOP (antenna on package) technology for Ka-band phased array application is designed. It interconnects with the RF front end by BGA planting ball directly, which has the characteristics of small loss, light weight and low cost. Meantime it overcomes the shortcomings of narrow bandwidth of conventional single-layer microstrip antenna by proposing metasurface-designing, which successfully exhibit three modes circular polarization using characteristic mode analysis, as well as reduces the risk of antenna layering failure during high and low temperature in space, resolves the problems of low profile and broad bandwidth of existing satellite phased antennas. Taking four antenna elements as a unit with 2×2 sequential rotation to broad working bandwidth and axial ratio bandwidth. The measured results show that the axial ratios are less than 3 dB from 28 GHz to 31 GHz with 50 degrees scanning angle, and the measured gains remain stable in working band, which are very suitable for Ka-band communication application of satellite system.
Key words : AOP technology;satellite phased array;broad bandwidth and circularly polarization;characteristic mode analysis

引言

随着卫星批量化制造成本的降低以及卫星运载技术的发展,卫星互联网通信已经成为国际航天领域研究热点,我国也将卫星互联网纳入“十四五”新基建中。相比传统的单个卫星,高容积比的卫星互联网星座更加复杂,对星载相控阵提出了更高的技术要求。

首先,随着卫星微型化发展和空间资源的急剧减少,严苛限制了星载天线的包络尺寸以及重量。平板相控阵天线由于具有极低的剖面特性非常适用于卫星通信应用。但是星载平板相控阵阵元目前主流通过同轴电缆、SMP、SMA等传统类型连接器和毫米波前端实现电气互连,具有体积大、重量大、差损大等缺点。

其次,为满足卫星通信的宽带通信容量需要,要求相控阵阵元具有较宽的工作带宽。常见的宽带及超宽带天线形式主要包括Vivaid天线[1-3]、“十字”振子[4-6]、波导背腔天线[7-9]及多层微带天线[10-13]等。所列举的前三类天线尺寸包络较高、重量较大、结构复杂、批量加工一致性较差,难以满足互联网卫星星座应用低剖面、轻重量及高紧凑性的要求,也难以与当前先进的高密度集成封装天线(Antena-on-Package, AOP)技术兼容。文献[10-14]通过缝隙耦合的多层介质实现宽带,但是往往带有复杂的馈电网络和结构,且其在星载高低温交变(常规±90°)的环境下时,面临因多层介质和中间粘接层的膨胀系数不一致导致分层失效的巨大风险。单层微带天线[15-16]相对多层微带天线在恶劣的太空环境中具有更高的可靠性,但是其工作带宽和3 dB轴比带宽通常较窄,难以满足卫星宽带通信的需求。

针对上述难点,本文设计了一种应用于Ka星载相控阵的低成本、宽覆盖、高可靠性的圆极化单层微带天线阵元。该阵元通过BGA植球直接与射频前端实现互连,具有差损小、重量轻、成本低的特点,同时采用单层微带的超表面设计实现宽带内多个模式的激励,突破了常规单层微带天线带宽窄的缺点,降低太空高低温环境下天线分层失效的风险,解决现有星载毫米波相控阵阵元低剖面、宽带工作问题。


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作者信息:

康湛毓,贺连星,费冬亮,魏晓黎,梁广

(上海微小卫星工程中心,上海 201304)


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