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基于封装键合线电阻电流传感的高精度低压差线性稳压器过流保护设计
集成电路应用
唐振宁
上海贝岭股份有限公司
摘要: 针对传统LDO过流保护电路因检测管与功率管VDS失配、沟道长度调制效应导致的保护精度低、版图面积大等问题,提出一种利用封装键合线电阻直接采样负载电流的新型过流保护电路。将封装键合线电阻作为电流-电压转换元件,从根本上消除了MOSFET二阶效应对检测精度的影响;建立了过流保护阈值的精确解析表达式,保护点可通过设计参数准确计算;省去传统方案检测管、采样电阻及修调电路,版图面积降低约12%~15%。基于0.18 μm CMOS/BCD工艺的仿真结果表明,理论偏差小于2.4%,工艺角偏差±2.4%,全温域偏差±3.0%(-40 ℃~85 ℃),较传统电流镜检测方案精度有所提升,其响应时间为2 μs,适配工业级LDO应用。
中图分类号:TN43文献标识码:ADOI:10.19339/j.issn.1674-2583.2026.08.003
中文引用格式:唐振宁. 基于封装键合线电阻电流传感的高精度低压差线性稳压器过流保护设计[J].集成电路应用,2026,43(8):12-16.
英文引用格式:Tang Zhenning. Overcurrent protection design for highprecision lowdropout linear regulator based on package bonding wire resistance current sensing[J].Application of IC,2026,43(8):12-16.
Overcurrent protection design for high-precision low-dropout linear regulator based on package bonding wire resistance current sensing
Tang Zhenning
Shanghai Belling Co., Ltd.
Abstract: A novel overcurrent protection circuit utilizing package bonding wire resistance for direct load current sensing is proposed to address the issues of low protection accuracy and large layout area in conventional LDO overcurrent protection circuits caused by drainsource voltage mismatch and channel length modulation effect. By employing the bonding wire resistance as a current-to-voltage conversion element, the proposed scheme fundamentally eliminates the influence of MOSFET second-order effects on detection accuracy. A precise analytical expression for the overcurrent protection threshold is established. The dedicated sense transistor, sampling resistor and trimming circuit in conventional schemes are eliminated, reducing layout area by approximately 12% to 15%. Simulation results based on 0.18 μm CMOS/BCD process demonstrate that the theoretical deviation is <2.4%, while the process corner variation is ±2.4%, and the full temperature range variation is ±3.0% (-40 ℃~85 ℃), representing considerable improvement over conventional current-mirror detection schemes, with protection response time of 2 μs, which is suitable for industrial LDO application.
Key words : low-dropout linear regulator; overcurrent protection; package bonding wire resistance; current sensing; high-precisio

引言

低压差线性稳压器(LDO)因其结构简单、输出噪声低及片内集成度高等优势,已成为电源管理芯片中的核心模块[1-2]。在便携式电子设备与物联网应用中,LDO被广泛用于为射频电路、模数转换器等敏感模块提供稳定供电。随着芯片向小型化、低成本方向发展,LDO内部保护电路面临精度与成本的双重挑战。

过流保护(OCP)是LDO不可或缺的关键保护功能。当负载发生短路或异常重载时,功率管电流可能急剧增大,导致器件结温升高乃至永久性失效[3]。传统方案采用电流镜间接检测方式,通过与功率管构成电流镜的检测管复制负载电流,经电阻转换为电压后触发保护[4]。然而,该方案存在若干固有缺陷:①功率管与检测管的漏源电压VDS不一致,沟道长度调制效应使电流镜比例偏离设计值[5];②两者尺寸差异可达数百倍,版图非理想因素导致实际电流比无法精确确定;③检测管本身占用较大芯片面积,增加了制造成本。传统方案的保护阈值偏差通常高达±(15%~20%),在量产中易导致重载误保护。

本文提出一种利用封装键合线电阻直接采样负载电流的新型过流保护架构。该方案将芯片至封装引脚之间固有存在的键合线电阻作为电流检测元件,通过直接采样负载电流在键合线电阻上产生的压降来触发保护,从根本上规避了MOSFET二阶效应对检测精度的影响。主要创新点包括:①消除了VDS失配和沟道长度调制效应引起的非线性误差;②建立了保护阈值的精确解析表达式;③省去检测管、采样电阻及修调电路,版图面积降低约12%~15%。


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作者信息:

唐振宁

(上海贝岭股份有限公司,上海200233)

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