基于代码审查的FPGA黑盒测试方法研究与实践
电子技术应用
宋小敬,刘诗宇,苏明月,李东方
北京计算机技术及应用研究所
摘要: 近年来,现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)在高性能计算、航空航天、通信系统等关键重要领域的应用逐渐广泛、功能愈发重要,FPGA软件测试重要性与日俱增,然而FPGA软件测试始终面临知识产权核(IP核)测试不充分的问题。提出了一种基于代码审查的黑盒测试方法,该方法将代码静态分析与黑盒测试相结合,旨在提升测试充分性。首先回顾了FPGA软件测试的现状,分析了动态与静态分析技术的局限,明确了黑盒测试在IP核验证中的重要性。随后,构建了基于代码审查的黑盒测试框架,包括规则检查与配置项检查两大核心环节,用于识别并解决设计中的潜在问题。通过PLL IP核复位信号缺失与RS422接口LVDS原语终端阻抗匹配错误的案例分析,展示了该方法在FPGA测试项目中的有效应用。
中图分类号:TP311.5 文献标志码:A DOI: 10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.257068
中文引用格式: 宋小敬,刘诗宇,苏明月,等. 基于代码审查的FPGA黑盒测试方法研究与实践[J]. 电子技术应用,2026,52(4):54-59.
英文引用格式: Song Xiaojing,Liu Shiyu,Su Mingyue,et al. Research and practice on black-box testing methodology for FPGA software based on code review[J]. Application of Electronic Technique,2026,52(4):54-59.
中文引用格式: 宋小敬,刘诗宇,苏明月,等. 基于代码审查的FPGA黑盒测试方法研究与实践[J]. 电子技术应用,2026,52(4):54-59.
英文引用格式: Song Xiaojing,Liu Shiyu,Su Mingyue,et al. Research and practice on black-box testing methodology for FPGA software based on code review[J]. Application of Electronic Technique,2026,52(4):54-59.
Research and practice on black-box testing methodology for FPGA software based on code review
Song Xiaojing,Liu Shiyu,Su Mingyue,Li Dongfang
Beijing Institute of Computer Technology and Application
Abstract: In recent years, Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have been increasingly adopted in critical domains such as high-performance computing, aerospace, and communication systems, with their functionalities becoming ever more vital. As a result, the importance of FPGA software testing has grown significantly. However, insufficient testing of Intellectual Property (IP) cores remains a persistent challenge. This paper proposes a code review-based black-box testing approach that integrates static code analysis with black-box testing to enhance test adequacy. We begin by reviewing the current landscape of FPGA software testing, analyzing the limitations of both dynamic and static analysis techniques, and underscoring the essential role of black-box testing in IP core validation. A black-box testing framework based on code review is then constructed, featuring two core components: rule checking and configuration checking, which aim to identify and resolve potential design issues. Case studies on the missing reset signal in a PLL IP core and impedance mismatch in RS422 interface LVDS primitives demonstrate the practical effectiveness of this method in FPGA testing projects.
Key words : FPGA software testing;black-box testing;code review;IP core validation
引言
随着现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)技术在高性能计算、航空航天、通信系统等领域的广泛应用,FPGA软件的测试验证成为确保其功能正确性和性能可靠性的关键环节[1]。然而,由于FPGA设计的复杂性和知识产权核(IP核)的封闭性,传统的动态仿真测试方法往往难以全面覆盖所有潜在问题,尤其是在黑盒测试环境下[2]。因此,本文提出了一种基于代码审查的FPGA软件黑盒测试方法,深入分析源代码和IP核的配置项,提高黑盒测试的精度和效率。
本文首先概述了FPGA软件测试验证技术的现状与挑战,特别是黑盒测试在FPGA领域的应用局限。随后,介绍了基于代码审查的黑盒测试方法的基本原理和框架,主要包括规则检查法和配置项检查法两种关键技术手段。在此基础上,本文通过两个具体案例——PLL IP核复位信号缺失问题和RS422接口LVDS原语终端阻抗匹配设置错误问题——展示了该方法在FPGA软件测试中的实际应用效果。通过代码审查,成功识别了潜在的问题点,并提出了相应的解决方案,验证了该方法在提高软件功能正确性和性能可靠性方面的有效性。
案例分析表明,基于代码审查的FPGA软件黑盒测试方法能够有效地弥补传统黑盒测试的不足,提高测试的全面性和深度。该方法不仅适用于IP核的验证,还可扩展至其他复杂模块和系统的测试,为FPGA软件的全面质量保障提供了新的思路和技术支持。
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作者信息:
宋小敬,刘诗宇,苏明月,李东方
(北京计算机技术及应用研究所,北京 100854)

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