二维侧视型声学多普勒流速仪的设计
2023年电子技术应用第8期
廖建华,范寒柏,王健,林放,苏金峰
(华北电力大学 电气与电子工程学院,河北 保定 071000)
摘要: 为了获得浅水或断面处的二维流速分布,扩展超声波测量的应用范围,设计了二维侧视型声学多普勒流速仪。采用5 MHz高频超声波进行测量,并设计了独特的探头结构,避免对测流场产生干扰。基于多普勒效应的基本原理,采用复自相关算法进行频率估计,解算出超声波换能器的径向流速,通过变换矩阵得到二维流速。实测结果表明,所设计的二维侧视型声学多普勒流速仪能有效测量出采样体的二维流速,测量标准差分别为0.028 m/s和0.009 m/s,具有一定的实用价值。
中图分类号:TP212;TB553 文献标志码:A DOI: 10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.233845
中文引用格式: 廖建华,范寒柏,王健,等. 二维侧视型声学多普勒流速仪的设计[J]. 电子技术应用,2023,49(8):65-69.
英文引用格式: Liao Jianhua,Fan Hanbai,Wang Jian,et al. Design of two-dimensional side-looking acoustic Doppler velocimeter[J]. Application of Electronic Technique,2023,49(8):65-69.
中文引用格式: 廖建华,范寒柏,王健,等. 二维侧视型声学多普勒流速仪的设计[J]. 电子技术应用,2023,49(8):65-69.
英文引用格式: Liao Jianhua,Fan Hanbai,Wang Jian,et al. Design of two-dimensional side-looking acoustic Doppler velocimeter[J]. Application of Electronic Technique,2023,49(8):65-69.
Design of two-dimensional side-looking acoustic Doppler velocimeter
Liao Jianhua,Fan Hanbai,Wang Jian,Lin Fang,Su Jinfeng
(College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,North China Electric Power University,Baoding 071000,China)
Abstract: To obtain the two-dimensional velocity distribution at the shallow or cross-section of the water and expand the application range of ultrasonic measurement, a two-dimensional side-looking acoustic Doppler velocimeter was designed. A 5 MHz high-frequency ultrasonic wave was used for measurement, and a unique probe structure was designed to avoid interference to the measuring flow field. Based on the basic principle of the Doppler effect, the complex autocorrelation algorithm was used to estimate the frequency, and the radial velocity of ultrasonic transducer was calculated. The two-dimensional velocity was obtained through the transformation matrix. The experimental results show that the designed two-dimensional side-looking acoustic Doppler velocimeter can effectively measure the two-dimensional velocity of the sample with the standard deviation of 0.047 m/s and 0.009 m/s respectively, which has certain practical value.
Key words : Doppler velocimeter;two-dimensional velocity;complex autocorrelation
0 引言
流速是基本的水文参数,对流速的精确测量在水体研究、工业监测、环境保护、洪涝预警等[1]方面具有重要意义。从早期使用机械结构进行测量的转子式流速仪,再到使用超声波进行测量的流速仪,以及采用激光、电磁、雷达等基本原理进行测量的流速仪[2-4],流速测量技术逐渐向多元化、垂直化发展,以满足不同应用场景的测量需求。
声学多普勒流速仪(Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter, ADV)能提供水体的瞬时速度参数,具有速度快、精度高及维度测量的优点[5],是研究湍流特性、水动力学建模的关键仪器。当前国内外市场主要由国外公司所垄断,如美国Sontek公司的Micro ADV及FlowTracker2,以及Nortek公司的Vectrino ADV,而国内主要是针对ADV应用方面的研究,缺乏ADV设备的研究设计,也缺乏相应的文献资料,实现ADV设备的国产化符合当前我国科技创新的目标。ADV可提供水体的二维、三维流速数据[6],其中二维型ADV可测量单点的二维流速,可用于研究沿岸冲刷模型、断面流速分布等。
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作者信息:
廖建华,范寒柏,王健,林放,苏金峰
(华北电力大学 电气与电子工程学院,河北 保定 071000)
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