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S频段高功率手机直连低轨卫星关键技术
电子技术应用
姚琦渊1,2,崔镇东1,3,卢立武1,朱雪田1,李勇朝2
1.中国星网网络创新研究院有限公司;2.西安电子科技大学;3.北京邮电大学
摘要: 针对手机直连低轨卫星上行瓶颈,设计S频段29 dBm高功率FDD手持终端。链路预算给出PA输出≥32 dBm、隔离≥63 dB、NF≤4 dB;提出以高功率PA、高隔离SAW双工器、1T2R天线为核心的前端,建立IMD2模型,完成多普勒补偿、PRACH分段检测及热、SAR设计。35 dBm无DPD实测ACLR优于-40 dBc,固定偏置效率34.3%~35.0%,40%为功耗约束导出的预算目标,后续结合偏置与电路拓扑优化改进,40 MHz隔离实测约60 dB,设计目标≥63 dB;16 dB检测概率0.98,传导功率29.1 dBm,灵敏度-96.38 dBm,结温79 ℃,验证了设计可行性。
中图分类号:TN927.21 文献标志码:A DOI: 10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.268827
中文引用格式: 姚琦渊,崔镇东,卢立武,等. S频段高功率手机直连低轨卫星关键技术[J]. 电子技术应用,2026,52(10):11-15.
英文引用格式: Yao Qiyuan,Cui Zhendong,Lu Liwu,et al. Key technologies of a high-power S-band handset for direct-to-cell LEO satellite communications[J]. Application of Electronic Technique,2026,52(10):11-15.
Key technologies of a high-power S-band handset for direct-to-cell LEO satellite communications
Yao Qiyuan1,2,Cui Zhendong1,3,Lu Liwu1,Zhu Xuetian1,Li Yongzhao2
1.China Satellite Network Innovation Co.,Ltd., China;2.Xidian University, China;3.Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
Abstract: To address the uplink margin bottleneck of direct-to-cell LEO satellite communications, an S-band 29 dBm high-power FDD handheld terminal is designed. The link budget sets the constraints of PA output ≥32 dBm, isolation ≥63 dB and NF ≤4 dB. An RF front-end built around a PA, a high-isolation SAW duplexer and a zenith 1T2R antenna is proposed, together with an IMD2 isolation model, two-stage Doppler compensation, PRACH segment detection, and thermal and SAR designs. Without DPD, the measured ACLR at 35 dBm is better than -40 dBc; drain efficiency is 34.3%~35.0% under fixed bias and the 40% power-budget target is to be pursued via bias and circuit-topology optimization, while around 60 dB isolation is measured over a 40 MHz bandwidth against the ≥63 dB design target. A detection probability of 0.98 is reached at 16 dB, and the measured 29.1 dBm conducted power, -96.38 dBm sensitivity and 79 ℃ junction temperature together verify the feasibility of the proposed design.
Key words : non-terrestrial network;direct-to-cell satellite;high-power UE;RF front-end;transmit-receive isolation

引言

低地球轨道(Low Earth Orbit, LEO)卫星互联网是6G天地一体化网络的重要组成[1-3]。星地距离约600 km,S频段自由空间损耗在160 dB以上,常规手机23 dBm发射难以满足上行余量。3GPP Rel-17引入S频段n256[4],Rel-19定义高功率用户设备(HPUE)PC2(26 dBm)和PC1.5(29 dBm)[5],频分双工(FDD)HPUE标准(TR 38.796[6])手持场景目前仅覆盖PC2。Starlink已启动直连手机部署[7],但上行余量不足制约宽带服务,接收灵敏度、发射增益、方向性与终端功耗仍是瓶颈[8-9]。

Kiayani等[10]建模FDD发射泄漏二阶互调(IMD2)并提出动态抵消方法,但29 dBm下双工器隔离度定量设计尚不充分。29 dBm并非简单的3 dB提升:功放线性度与热耗散、双工器耐受与隔离、自干扰抑制、SAR合规相互耦合。本文参照TR 38.795[5] PC1.5等级(FDD手持29 dBm属前瞻性设计),推导链路预算并与26 dBm对比,提出以高功率放大器(PA)、高隔离声表面波(SAW)双工器、天顶向1T2R天线为核心的射频前端,建立IMD2隔离度模型,完成多普勒补偿、散热与SAR设计,并经样片实测与仿真验证。


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作者信息:

姚琦渊1,2,崔镇东1,3,卢立武1,朱雪田1,李勇朝2

(1.中国星网网络创新研究院有限公司,北京 100029;

2.西安电子科技大学,陕西 西安 710071;

3.北京邮电大学,北京 100876)

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